Batura Scooter
Baturin shine “tankin mai” na babur ɗin lantarki.Yana adana makamashin da injin DC ke cinyewa, fitilu, mai sarrafawa, da sauran kayan haɗi.

Yawancin babur lantarki za su sami wani nau'in fakitin baturi na tushen lithium ion saboda kyakkyawan ƙarfin ƙarfinsu da tsawon rayuwa.Yawancin babur lantarki na yara da sauran ƙira masu tsada sun ƙunshi batura-acid.A cikin babur, an yi fakitin baturi daga sel guda ɗaya da na'urorin lantarki da ake kira tsarin sarrafa baturi wanda ke kiyaye shi cikin aminci.
Manyan fakitin baturi suna da ƙarin ƙarfi, ana auna su a cikin awanni watt, kuma zasu bar babur ɗin lantarki yayi tafiya gaba.Duk da haka, suna kuma ƙara girma da nauyin mashin ɗin - suna sa shi ƙasa da šaukuwa.Bugu da ƙari, batura suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada kayan aikin babur kuma gabaɗayan farashi yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka.

Nau'in Baturi
Fakitin baturi na e-scooter ana yin su ne daga sel baturi ɗaya ɗaya.Musamman ma, an yi su ne da sel guda 18650, girman rarrabuwa don batura lithium ion (Li-Ion) mai girma 18 mm x 65 mm cylindrical.

Kowane tantanin halitta 18650 a cikin fakitin baturi ba shi da daɗi - yana haifar da yuwuwar wutar lantarki na ~ 3.6 volts (na ƙima) da samun ƙarfin kusan awanni 2.6 amp (2.6 A·h) ko kuma kusan awanni 9.4 watt (9.4 Wh).

Ana sarrafa ƙwayoyin baturi daga 3.0 volts (cajin 0%) har zuwa 4.2 volts (cajin 100%).

Lithium ion
Batura Li-Ion suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfin kuzari, adadin kuzarin da aka adana akan nauyin jikinsu.Hakanan suna da kyakkyawan tsayin daka ma'ana cewa ana iya fitar da su a sake caji ko kuma a yi musu keken keke sau da yawa kuma har yanzu suna kiyaye ƙarfin ajiyar su.

Li-ion a zahiri yana nufin yawancin sunadarai na baturi waɗanda suka haɗa da ion lithium.Ga taƙaitaccen jeri a ƙasa:

Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4);aka: IMR, LMO, Li-manganese
Lithium manganese nickel (LiNiMnCoO2);aka INR, NMC
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNiCoAlO2);aka NCA, Li-aluminum
Lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2);aka NCO
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2);aka ICR, LCO, Li-cobalt
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4);aka IFR, LFP, Li-phosphate
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan sinadarai na baturi yana wakiltar ciniki tsakanin aminci, tsawon rai, iya aiki, da fitarwa na yanzu.

Lithium manganese (INR, NMC)
Abin farin ciki, yawancin ingantattun injinan lantarki suna amfani da sinadarai na batirin INR - ɗaya daga cikin amintattun sunadarai.Wannan baturi yana ba da babban ƙarfi da fitarwa na halin yanzu.Kasancewar manganese yana rage juriya na ciki na baturi, yana ba da damar babban fitarwa na yanzu yayin kiyaye ƙananan yanayin zafi.Sakamakon haka, wannan yana rage yiwuwar guduwar zafi da wuta.

Wasu sikelin lantarki tare da sunadarai INR sun haɗa da WePed GT 50e da samfuran Dualtron.

gubar-acid
Lead-acid tsohon sinadari ne na baturi wanda aka fi samunsa a cikin motoci da wasu manyan motocin lantarki, kamar motocin golf.Ana kuma samun su a cikin wasu mashinan lantarki;musamman, babur yara masu tsada daga kamfanoni kamar Reza.

Batirin gubar-acid yana da fa'idar kasancewa maras tsada, amma suna fama da rashin ƙarfi sosai, ma'ana suna da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta da adadin kuzarin da suke tarawa.Idan aka kwatanta, batirin Li-ion suna da kusan 10X yawan kuzari idan aka kwatanta da baturan gubar-acid.

Fakitin baturi
Don gina fakitin baturi tare da ɗaruruwan ko dubban watts na awoyi na iya aiki, yawancin sel Li-ion guda 18650 suna haɗuwa tare zuwa tsari mai kama da bulo.Batir mai kama da bulo ana lura da kuma sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki da ake kira tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS), wanda ke sarrafa wutar lantarki a ciki da waje.
Kwayoyin guda ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturi suna haɗe a jeri (ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe) wanda ke taƙaita ƙarfin lantarki.Wannan shi ne yadda zai yiwu a sami ƙwanƙwasa masu 36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60V, ko ma manyan fakitin baturi.

Waɗannan igiyoyin guda ɗaya (yawan batura a jeri) ana haɗa su a layi daya don ƙara fitarwa na yanzu.

Ta hanyar daidaita adadin sel a cikin jeri da layi daya, masu kera babur lantarki na iya ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa ko max na yanzu da ƙarfin sa'a amp.

Canza tsarin baturi ba zai ƙara yawan ƙarfin da aka adana ba, amma yana ba da damar baturi yadda ya kamata ya ba da ƙarin kewayo da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da akasin haka.

Voltage da % Rarara
Kowace tantanin halitta a cikin fakitin baturi ana sarrafa shi gabaɗaya daga 3.0 volts (cajin 0%) har zuwa 4.2 volts (cajin 100%).

Wannan yana nufin cewa fakitin baturi 36 V, (tare da batura 10 a jere) ana sarrafa shi daga 30 V (0% caji) har zuwa 42 volts (cajin 100%).Kuna iya ganin yadda % saura yayi daidai da ƙarfin baturi (wasu babur suna nuna wannan kai tsaye) ga kowane nau'in baturi a cikin ginshiƙi na ƙarfin baturin mu.

Voltage Sag
Kowane baturi zai sha wahala daga wani abu mai suna voltage sag.

Sag na wutar lantarki yana haifar da sakamako da yawa, gami da sinadarai na lithium-ion, zazzabi, da juriya na lantarki.Koyaushe yana haifar da halayen ƙarfin baturi marasa layi.

Da zaran an sanya kaya akan baturi, wutar lantarki za ta ragu nan take.Wannan tasirin zai iya haifar da ƙididdige ƙarfin baturi kuskure.Idan kai tsaye kuna karanta ƙarfin baturi, kuna tsammanin kun yi asarar kashi 10% na ƙarfin ku ko fiye.

Da zarar an cire lodin ƙarfin baturi zai koma daidai matakinsa na gaskiya.

Har ila yau, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana faruwa a lokacin doguwar fitar baturi (kamar lokacin doguwar tafiya).Kemistiri na lithium a cikin baturi yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don cim ma adadin fitarwa.Wannan na iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙarfin baturi har ma da sauri yayin ƙarshen wutsiya na doguwar tafiya.

Idan aka bar baturin ya huta, zai koma daidai matakin ƙarfinsa na gaskiya da daidaito.

Ƙimar Ƙarfi
An ƙididdige ƙarfin baturi na e-scooter a cikin raka'a na sa'o'in watt (a takaice Wh), ma'aunin kuzari.Wannan rukunin yana da sauƙin fahimta.Misali, baturi mai kimar 1 Wh yana adana isasshen makamashi don samar da wutar lantarki watt ɗaya na awa ɗaya.

Ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari yana nufin ƙarin awoyi watt baturi wanda ke fassara zuwa kewayon babur lantarki mai tsayi, don girman motar da aka ba da.Matsakaicin babur zai sami damar kusan 250 Wh kuma zai iya tafiya kusan mil 10 a matsakaicin mil 15 a cikin awa ɗaya.Matsananciyar wasan motsa jiki na iya samun ƙarfin isa cikin dubban watt hours da jeri har zuwa mil 60.

Samfuran Baturi
Kwayoyin Li-ion guda ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturin e-scooter kaɗan ne kawai na sanannun kamfanoni daban-daban na duniya ke yin su.Mafi kyawun sel LG, Samsung, Panasonic, da Sanyo ne ke yin su.Waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin sel ana samun su ne kawai a cikin fakitin baturi na babur mafi tsayi.

Yawancin kasafin kuɗi da masu motsi na lantarki suna da fakitin baturi da aka yi daga nau'ikan sel waɗanda Sinawa ke ƙera, waɗanda suka bambanta da inganci.

Bambanci tsakanin Scooters tare da alamar sel da na Sinawa na Sinanci shine mafi girman garanti na kula da inganci tare da kafaffun samfuran.Idan hakan baya cikin kasafin kuɗin ku, to ku tabbata kuna siyan babur daga ƙwararrun masana'anta waɗanda ke amfani da sassa masu inganci kuma suna da matakan sarrafa inganci (QC) a wurin.

Wasu misalan kamfanonin da wataƙila za su sami QC mai kyau sune Xiaomi da Segway.

Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi
Kodayake ƙwayoyin Li-ion 18650 suna da fa'idodi masu ban mamaki, ba su da gafara fiye da sauran fasahohin baturi kuma suna iya fashewa idan aka yi amfani da su ba daidai ba.Don haka ne kusan koyaushe ake haɗa su cikin fakitin baturi waɗanda ke da tsarin sarrafa batir.

Tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) wani yanki ne na lantarki wanda ke lura da fakitin baturi da sarrafa caji da caji.An ƙera batir Li-ion don yin aiki tsakanin kusan 2.5 zuwa 4.0 V. Yin caji ko caji gabaɗaya na iya rage rayuwar baturi ko haifar da yanayi mai gudu na zafi mai haɗari.BMS yakamata ya hana yin caji fiye da kima.Yawancin BMS kuma suna yanke wuta kafin batirin ya cika don tsawaita rayuwa.Duk da haka, da yawa mahaya har yanzu suna jaririn batir ɗinsu ta hanyar basu cikar cajin su ba kuma suna amfani da caja na musamman don sarrafa saurin caji da adadinsu.

Ƙarin ingantattun tsarin sarrafa baturi kuma za su lura da zafin fakitin kuma su jawo yankewa idan zafi ya faru.

C-kudin
Idan kuna yin bincike kan cajin baturi, ƙila ku haɗu da ƙimar C-rate.C-rate yana bayanin yadda ake saurin caji ko fitar da baturin.Misali, ƙimar C na 1C na nufin ana cajin baturi a cikin sa'a ɗaya, 2C na nufin caji cikakke cikin sa'o'i 0.5, kuma 0.5C yana nufin caji cikakke cikin sa'o'i biyu.Idan kun cika cikakken cajin baturi 100 Ahh ta amfani da 100 A halin yanzu, zai ɗauki sa'a ɗaya kuma ƙimar C-1C.

Rayuwar Baturi
Batirin Li-ion na yau da kullun zai iya ɗaukar nauyin caji/zargin 300 zuwa 500 kafin rage ƙarfinsa.Don matsakaicin babur lantarki, wannan shine mil 3000 zuwa 10 000!Ka tuna cewa "raguwa a cikin iya aiki" ba yana nufin "rasa duk iyawa ba," amma yana nufin raguwar raguwar 10 zuwa 20% wanda zai ci gaba da yin muni.

Tsarin sarrafa baturi na zamani yana taimakawa wajen tsawaita rayuwar baturin kuma bai kamata ku damu da yawan haihuwa ba.

Koyaya, idan kuna sha'awar shimfiɗa rayuwar batir gwargwadon yuwuwar, akwai wasu abubuwan da zaku iya yi waɗanda zasu wuce keke 500.Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

Kada ka adana babur ɗinka da cikakken caja ko tare da cajar da aka toshe a ciki na tsawon lokaci.
Kada a adana babur ɗin lantarki cikakke cikakke.Batura Li-ion suna raguwa lokacin da suka ragu ƙasa da 2.5 V. Yawancin masana'antun suna ba da shawarar adana babur tare da cajin 50%, kuma suna sama su zuwa wannan matakin lokaci-lokaci don ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Kada kayi aiki da baturin sikelin a yanayin zafi ƙasa da 32F° ko sama da 113F°.
Yi cajin babur ɗin ku a ƙaramin ƙimar C, ma'ana cajin baturin a ƙaramin ƙima dangane da iyakar ƙarfinsa don adanawa/ inganta rayuwar batir.Yin caji a ƙimar C tsakanin ƙasa da 1 shine mafi kyau.Wasu masu faci ko manyan caja suna ba ku damar sarrafa wannan.
Ƙara koyo game da yadda ake cajin babur lantarki.

Takaitawa

Babban abin da ake ɗauka anan shine kar a zaluntar baturi kuma zai ɗora rayuwar mai amfani da babur.Muna jin ta bakin kowane irin mutane game da karyewar injin su na lantarki kuma ba kasafai ake samun matsalar baturi ba!