Sabon nau'inbatirin motocin lantarkiza su iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci a yanayin zafi da sanyi mai tsanani, a cewar wani bincike da aka yi kwanan nan.

Masana kimiyya sun ce batirin zai ba wa motocin EV damar yin tafiya mai nisa da caji ɗaya a yanayin sanyi - kuma ba za su yi saurin yin zafi sosai a yanayin zafi ba.

Wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin caji akai-akai ga direbobin EV da kuma ba da damar caji mai yawabaturatsawon rai.

Ƙungiyar bincike ta Amurka ta ƙirƙiri wani sabon abu wanda ya fi juriya ga yanayin zafi mai tsanani kuma ana ƙara shi a cikin batirin lithium mai ƙarfi.

"Kuna buƙatar aikin zafin jiki mai yawa a yankunan da zafin yanayi zai iya kaiwa lambobi uku kuma hanyoyin suka fi zafi," in ji babban marubuci Farfesa Zheng Chen na Jami'ar California-San Diego.

"A cikin motocin lantarki, batirin yawanci yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kusa da waɗannan hanyoyin masu zafi. Haka kuma, batirin yana dumama ne kawai saboda yana aiki da wutar lantarki."

"Idan batirin ba zai iya jure wannan ɗumamawa a yanayin zafi mai yawa ba, aikinsu zai ragu da sauri."

A cikin wata takarda da aka buga a ranar Litinin a cikin mujallar Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, masu binciken sun bayyana yadda a gwaje-gwajen, batirin ya riƙe kashi 87.5 da 115.9 na ƙarfin kuzarin su a -40 Celsius (-104 Fahrenheit) da 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) bi da bi.

Sun kuma sami ingantaccen aiki na Coulombic na kashi 98.2 cikin ɗari da kuma kashi 98.7 cikin ɗari bi da bi, ma'ana batirin zai iya wucewa ta ƙarin zagayen caji kafin su daina aiki.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda wani sinadarin electrolyte da aka yi da gishirin lithium da dibutyl ether, wani ruwa mara launi da ake amfani da shi a wasu masana'antu kamar magunguna da magungunan kashe kwari.

Dibutyl ether yana taimakawa saboda ƙwayoyin halittarsa ​​ba sa yin wasa da ions na lithium cikin sauƙi yayin da batirin ke aiki kuma yana inganta aikinsa a yanayin zafi ƙasa da sifili.

Bugu da ƙari, dibutyl ether zai iya jure zafi cikin sauƙi a lokacin tafasarsa na 141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) yana nufin yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa.

Abin da ya sa wannan electrolyte ta zama ta musamman shi ne ana iya amfani da ita da batirin lithium-sulfur, wanda ake iya caji kuma yana da anode da aka yi da lithium da cathode da aka yi da sulfur.

Anodes da cathodes su ne sassan batirin da wutar lantarki ke wucewa ta ciki.

Batirin lithium-sulfur muhimmin mataki ne na gaba a cikin batirin EV domin suna iya adana makamashi har sau biyu fiye da batirin lithium-ion na yanzu a kowace kilogiram.

Wannan zai iya ninka kewayon EV ba tare da ƙara nauyin babaturishirya yayin da ake rage farashi.

Haka kuma sinadarin sulfur ya fi yawa kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin wahalar muhalli da ta ɗan adam fiye da sinadarin cobalt, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin cathodes na batirin lithium-ion na gargajiya.

Yawanci, akwai matsala da batirin lithium-sulfur - cathodes na sulfur suna da ƙarfi sosai har suna narkewa lokacin da batirin ke aiki kuma wannan yana ƙara muni a yanayin zafi mai yawa.

Kuma anadodin ƙarfe na lithium na iya samar da sifofi masu kama da allura da ake kira dendrites waɗanda zasu iya huda sassan batirin saboda yana rage gudu.

Sakamakon haka, waɗannan batura suna ɗaukar har zuwa zagaye goma kawai.

Ruwan electrolyte na dibutyl ether da ƙungiyar UC-San Diego ta ƙirƙiro yana gyara waɗannan matsalolin, koda a yanayin zafi mai tsanani.

Batirin da suka gwada sun fi tsawon rai fiye da batirin lithium-sulfur na yau da kullun.

"Idan kana son batirin da ke da yawan kuzari mai yawa, yawanci kana buƙatar amfani da sinadarai masu tsauri da rikitarwa," in ji Chen.

"Ƙarfin kuzari yana nufin ƙarin martani yana faruwa, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, ƙarin lalacewa."

"Yin batirin da ke da ƙarfi sosai wanda yake da ƙarfi aiki ne mai wahala - ƙoƙarin yin hakan ta cikin yanayi mai faɗi yana da matuƙar ƙalubale."

"Electrolyte ɗinmu yana taimakawa wajen inganta ɓangaren cathode da kuma ɓangaren anode yayin da yake samar da ingantaccen watsawa da kwanciyar hankali a tsakanin fuskoki."

Ƙungiyar ta kuma ƙera kathode na sulfur don ya fi karko ta hanyar dasa shi a cikin wani polymer. Wannan yana hana ƙarin sulfur narkewa cikin electrolyte.

Matakai na gaba sun haɗa da haɓaka sinadaran batirin ta yadda zai yi aiki a yanayin zafi mafi girma kuma zai ƙara tsawaita rayuwar zagayowar.