Wani sabon nau'inbaturi don motocin lantarkizai iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci a cikin matsanancin zafi da sanyi, a cewar wani bincike na baya-bayan nan.

Masana kimiyya sun ce batura za su ba da damar EVs suyi tafiya mai nisa akan caji guda a cikin yanayin sanyi - kuma ba za su iya yin zafi sosai a yanayin zafi ba.

Wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin caji ga direbobin EV tare da ba dabaturitsawon rai.

Ƙungiyar binciken Amurka ta ƙirƙiri wani sabon abu wanda ke da alaƙa da sinadarai mafi juriya ga matsanancin yanayin zafi kuma ana ƙara shi zuwa batir lithium masu ƙarfi.

"Kuna buƙatar aiki mai zafi a wuraren da yanayin zafin jiki zai iya kaiwa lambobi uku kuma hanyoyin suna ƙara zafi," in ji babban marubucin Farfesa Zheng Chen na Jami'ar California-San Diego.

“A cikin motocin lantarki, fakitin baturi yawanci suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kusa da waɗannan hanyoyi masu zafi.Har ila yau, batura suna dumama kawai daga samun gudu-gudu na yanzu yayin aiki.

"Idan batura ba za su iya jure wa wannan dumin zafin jiki ba, aikin su zai ragu da sauri."

A cikin wata takarda da aka buga jiya litinin a cikin mujallar Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, masu binciken sun bayyana yadda a cikin gwaje-gwaje, batura sun kiyaye kashi 87.5 da kashi 115.9 na karfin kuzarin su a -40 Celsius (-104 Fahrenheit) da 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit). ) bi da bi.

Hakanan suna da ingantaccen ingancin Coulombic na kashi 98.2 da kashi 98.7 bisa dari, ma'ana batura na iya wucewa ta ƙarin zagayowar caji kafin su daina aiki.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda wani electrolyte wanda aka yi da gishiri na lithium da dibutyl ether, wani ruwa mara launi da ake amfani da shi a wasu masana'antu kamar magunguna da magungunan kashe qwari.

Dibutyl ether yana taimakawa saboda kwayoyinsa ba sa wasa ball da ions lithium cikin sauki yayin da baturin ke gudana kuma yana inganta aikinsa a cikin yanayin zafi mara nauyi.

Bugu da kari, diputyl ether zai iya jure zafi cikin sauki a wurin da yake tafasa na Celsius 141 (285.8 Fahrenheit) yana nufin yana tsayawa ruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa.

Abin da ya sa wannan electrolyte ya zama na musamman shine ana iya amfani da shi da baturin lithium-sulfur, wanda ake iya caji kuma yana da anode da aka yi da lithium da cathode da aka yi da sulfur.

Anodes da cathodes sune sassan baturin da wutar lantarki ke wucewa ta ciki.

Batirin lithium-sulfur muhimmin mataki ne na gaba a cikin batirin EV saboda suna iya adana kuzari har sau biyu a kowace kilogram fiye da batirin lithium-ion na yanzu.

Wannan zai iya ninka kewayon EVs ba tare da ƙara nauyin nauyin babaturishirya yayin rage farashi.

Sulfur kuma ya fi yawa kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin yanayi da wahalar ɗan adam ga tushen fiye da cobalt, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin cathodes na baturi na lithium-ion na gargajiya.

Yawanci, akwai matsala tare da baturan lithium-sulfur - sulfur cathodes suna da tasiri sosai cewa suna narkewa lokacin da baturin ke aiki kuma wannan yana kara muni a yanayin zafi mafi girma.

Kuma lithium karfe anodes na iya samar da sifofi irin allura da ake kira dendrites wanda zai iya huda sassan baturin kasancewar shi ya yi gajere.

A sakamakon haka, waɗannan batura suna dawwama har zuwa dubun hawan keke.

Na'urar dibutyl ether electrolyte da ƙungiyar UC-San Diego ta haɓaka tana gyara waɗannan matsalolin, har ma da matsanancin zafi.

Batura da suka gwada sun fi tsayin hawan keke fiye da batirin lithium-sulfur na yau da kullun.

"Idan kuna son baturi mai yawan kuzari, yawanci kuna buƙatar amfani da tsauri, rikitattun sunadarai," in ji Chen.

“Maɗaukakin ƙarfi yana nufin ƙarin halayen da ke faruwa, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali, ƙarin lalacewa.

"Yin babban baturi mai ƙarfi wanda yake tsayayye aiki ne mai wuyar gaske - ƙoƙarin yin hakan ta hanyar kewayon zafin jiki ya fi ƙalubale.

"Electrolyte ɗinmu yana taimakawa haɓaka duka gefen cathode da gefen anode yayin da ke samar da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali."

Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta ƙera sulfur cathode don zama mafi kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar dasa shi zuwa polymer.Wannan yana hana ƙarin sulfur daga narkewa cikin electrolyte.

Matakai na gaba sun haɗa da haɓaka sinadarai na baturi ta yadda zai yi aiki a madaidaicin yanayin zafi kuma zai ƙara tsawaita rayuwar sake zagayowar.