Sirrin tsawon rai na batura masu caji na iya kasancewa cikin rungumar bambanci.Sabbin ƙirar ƙira na yadda ƙwayoyin lithium-ion a cikin fakiti suna lalata suna nuna hanya don daidaita caji zuwa ƙarfin kowane tantanin halitta don haka batirin EV zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin zagayowar caji kuma ya hana gazawar.

Binciken, wanda aka buga Nuwamba 5 a cikinIEEE Ma'amaloli akan Fasahar Tsarin Gudanarwa, yana nuna yadda sarrafa adadin wutar lantarki da ke gudana zuwa kowane tantanin halitta a cikin fakiti, maimakon isar da caji iri ɗaya, na iya rage lalacewa da tsagewa.Hanyar da ta dace tana ba kowane tantanin halitta damar rayuwa mafi kyau - kuma mafi tsayi - rayuwa.

A cewar farfesa na Stanford kuma babban marubucin binciken Simona Onori, siminti na farko sun nuna cewa batir da aka sarrafa tare da sabuwar fasaha za su iya ɗaukar akalla 20% ƙarin zagayowar caji, ko da tare da yin caji akai-akai, wanda ke sanya ƙarin damuwa akan baturi.

Yawancin yunƙurin da aka yi a baya na tsawaita rayuwar batir ɗin motar lantarki, sun mayar da hankali ne kan haɓaka ƙira, kayan aiki, da kera ƙwayoyin sel guda ɗaya, bisa la'akari da cewa, kamar haɗin gwiwa a cikin sarkar, fakitin baturi yana da kyau kamar tantanin halitta mafi rauni.Sabon binciken ya fara ne da fahimtar cewa yayin da raƙuman hanyoyin haɗin kai ba makawa - saboda ƙarancin masana'anta kuma saboda wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna raguwa da sauri fiye da sauran yayin da suke fuskantar damuwa kamar zafi - ba sa buƙatar saukar da fakitin duka.Makullin shine a daidaita ƙimar caji zuwa keɓaɓɓen damar kowane tantanin halitta don hana gazawar.

Onori, wanda mataimakin farfesa ne a injiniyan kimiyyar makamashi a Stanford Doerr ya ce: "Idan ba a magance yadda ya kamata ba, nau'ikan nau'ikan tantanin halitta na iya yin illa ga tsawon rai, lafiya, da amincin fakitin baturi kuma su haifar da matsala ta farko." Makarantar Dorewa."Tsarin mu yana daidaita makamashi a cikin kowane tantanin halitta a cikin fakitin, yana kawo dukkan sel zuwa yanayin cajin da aka yi niyya na ƙarshe a cikin daidaitaccen tsari da haɓaka tsawon rayuwar fakitin."

Ƙaddamar da gina baturi mai mil mil

Wani ɓangare na haɓaka don sabon binciken ya samo asali ne zuwa sanarwar 2020 ta Tesla, kamfanin motocin lantarki, na aiki akan "batir mai mil mil."Wannan zai zama baturi mai iya kunna mota tsawon mil miliyan 1 ko fiye (tare da yin caji akai-akai) kafin a kai ga inda, kamar baturin lithium-ion a cikin tsohuwar waya ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, baturin EV yana ɗaukar ƙaramin caji don ya zama aiki. .

Irin wannan baturi zai zarce garantin na yau da kullun na masu kera motoci don batir abin hawa na lantarki na shekaru takwas ko mil 100,000.Ko da yake fakitin baturi akai-akai yana ƙetare garantin su, amincewar mabukaci ga motocin lantarki na iya ƙarfafawa idan maye gurbin fakitin baturi mai tsada ya zama mai wuya.Batir wanda har yanzu yana iya ɗaukar caji bayan dubunnan cajin kuma zai iya sauƙaƙe hanyar samar da wutar lantarki na manyan motoci masu tsayi, da kuma ɗaukar tsarin abin da ake kira abin hawa zuwa grid, wanda batir EV zai adana da aika sabbin makamashi don sabuntawa. wutar lantarki.

"Daga baya an bayyana cewa ra'ayin baturi na miliyon ba da gaske bane sabon ilmin sunadarai, amma hanya ce kawai ta sarrafa batirin ta hanyar rashin yin amfani da cikakken caji," in ji Onori.Bincike mai alaƙa ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙwayoyin lithium-ion guda ɗaya, waɗanda gabaɗaya baya rasa ƙarfin caji da sauri kamar yadda cikakkun fakitin baturi suke yi.

Abin sha'awa, Onori da wasu masu bincike guda biyu a cikin dakin bincikenta - malamin digiri na biyu Vahid Azimi da dalibin PhD Anirudh Allam - sun yanke shawarar yin bincike kan yadda sarrafa sabbin nau'ikan batir da ke akwai zai iya inganta aiki da rayuwar sabis na fakitin baturi, wanda zai iya ƙunsar ɗaruruwa ko dubban sel. .

Samfurin baturi mai inganci

A matsayin mataki na farko, masu binciken sun ƙera ingantaccen tsarin kwamfuta na halayen baturi wanda ke wakiltar daidaitattun canje-canjen jiki da sinadarai da ke faruwa a cikin baturi yayin rayuwarsa ta aiki.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan canje-canje suna bayyana a cikin daƙiƙa ko mintuna - wasu na tsawon watanni ko ma shekaru.

"A mafi kyawun iliminmu, babu wani binciken da ya gabata da ya yi amfani da irin ƙarfin gaske, ƙirar baturi mai yawa da muka ƙirƙira," in ji Onori, wanda shine darektan Stanford Energy Control Lab.

Ayyukan kwaikwayo tare da ƙirar sun nuna cewa za'a iya inganta fakitin baturi na zamani da sarrafa su ta hanyar rungumar bambance-bambance a tsakanin sel ɗin da ke cikin sa.Onori da abokan aiki suna ganin ana amfani da samfurin su don jagorantar haɓaka tsarin sarrafa baturi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa waɗanda za'a iya tura su cikin sauƙi cikin ƙirar abin hawa.

Ba motocin lantarki ba ne kawai ke amfana.Kusan duk wani aikace-aikacen da ke "danne fakitin baturi da yawa" zai iya zama kyakkyawan ɗan takara don ingantaccen gudanarwa wanda sabon sakamakon ya sanar, in ji Onori.Misali daya?Jirgin sama mai kamar Drone tare da tashi da saukar jiragen sama na lantarki a tsaye, wani lokaci ana kiransa eVTOL, wanda wasu 'yan kasuwa ke tsammanin yin aiki a matsayin tasi na iska da kuma samar da sauran ayyukan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na birane a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.Har yanzu, wasu aikace-aikace na baturan lithium-ion masu caji suna yin kira, gami da sufurin jiragen sama na gabaɗaya da babban ma'aunin ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa.

"Batura Lithium-ion sun riga sun canza duniya ta hanyoyi da yawa," in ji Onori."Yana da mahimmanci mu sami iyakar abin da za mu iya daga wannan fasaha mai canza canji da magadanta masu zuwa."